There is no question of waste of milk at any stage. One must know how to do it. So you can keep as many cows as possible and collect as much milk from them. You can utilize.

No Such Thing as Too Much Milk

Self-sufficiency and efficiency required

PRABHUPADA: Ghee should be prepared where there is no more use. The Indian village, simply by keeping cows, they... Just like Nanda Maharaja was keeping cows. Similarly there are many villages. So the system is: they have got a big pan, and whatever milk is collected, put into that pan. It is being warmed. So they drink, the whole family members. They drink milk whenever they like. So whatever milk remains at night, they have to convert it into yogurt. The next day they use milk and yogurt also, as he likes. Then, after converting the milk into yogurt, still, it remains. It is stocked. So when there is sufficient old yogurt, they churn it and then butter comes out. So they take the butter, and the water separated from the butter, that is called whey? Whey, yes. So they... Instead of dal, they use this whey, for chapati. It will be very healthy and tasty. And then the butter they turn into ghee. So where is the loss.

SATSVARUPA: Only after the whole milk is consumed, then the other...

PRABHUPADA: Milk you are collecting. So put in the pan. I have already explained. From milk stage to yogurt, yogurt to old yogurt, from old yogurt to butter, and then water, that whey. Then butter convert into ghee and whey, you can use, instead of drinking water, drink whey. Not a single drop of milk will be wasted, if you know how to do it. And you can take as much milk as possible, because ultimately it is going to be ghee. So if you start in the cities, nice restaurant, so ghee can be sold there. They'll pay for that. And they can prepare nice preparations, kachoris, samosa, sweetballs. Or milk, if you don't convert into yogurt, then naturally it will become... What is called?

BRAHMANANDA: Curd [fresh cheese, in Hindi called paneer].

PRABHUPADA: Curd. So curd you can send to the city. They will convert into sandesha, rasagulla and other preparations, and ghee. That is being done. In India the villagers, they do that. They are keeping cows. Convert the milk into curd or ghee, and ghee and curd sent to the city, they have got regular price for that. There is no question of waste of milk at any stage. One must know how to do it. So you can keep as many cows as possible and collect as much milk from them. You can utilize. And if some of the villagers trained up, they can open nice restaurant in the city. Utilize the ghee, curd, for making nice confectionary. People will purchase like anything. Just like in our Rathayatra festival, whatever sweets they prepared, all sold at good profit. Your countrymen, they did not see such nice things. And when they taste it—"Very nice."

BRAHMANANDA: They were selling one gulabjamin for seventy-five cents.

PRABHUPADA: Just see. [laughs] It may cost two cents. And you have got your sugar also. In this way organize. Avoid machine. Keep everyone employed as brahmana, as kshatriya, as vaishya. Nobody should sit down. Brahmanas, they are writers, editors, lecturers, instructors, worshiping Deity, ideal character. They have no anxiety for food, for clothing. Others should supply them. They haven't got to work. Sannyasi is always preaching, going outside. In this way keep everyone fully engaged. Then it will be ideal. Otherwise people will criticize that we are simply eating and sleeping, escaping, so many, so many. And actually that is the position. Unless one is fully engaged, oh, that is not good. That is tamo-guna. Tamo-guna. And rajo-guna very active, and sattva-guna, intellectual activity. ["Rajo-guna, the mode of passion; sattva-guna, the mode of goodness; tamo-guna, the mode of ignorance."] Both of them, active, only tamo-guna, not active. Tamo-guna means sleeping and laziness. These are the symptoms of tamo-guna. Every saintly man can avoid these two things—laziness and sleeping. Of course, as much you require, sleeping allowed, not more than... And keep everyone active, man or woman—all. Then it will be ideal society.

NITYANANDA: Without a machine how can you make sugar from the cane?

PRABHUPADA: Hand machine.

NITYANANDA: Hand machine?

PRABHUPADA: Yes.

NITYANANDA: Metal?

PRABHUPADA: Yes, they manufacture, hand, hand in the sugar cane, two men. Even we can prepare hand machine by cutting the wood. They do that. We are not against machine. You can utilize machine. But we should not allow others unemployed and use machine. This should be point. You can use. Use machine, that's good, but not at the risk of keeping others unemployed. This should be noted. First thing is that everyone should be employed. If you have got many men, then why should you engage machine? These rascals, they do not know. They're taking machine and keeping so many men unemployed. And the welfare department is paying them. They do not know how to organize society.